PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) - Inverter high-frequency chopping technique using a means of regulation enabling rapid modification of pulse widths over a single period, thus making it possible to maintain the inverter output within tolerances even for non-linear loads.
Rated Capacity - The number of ampere-hours a battery can deliver under specific conditions (e.g., rate of discharge, end voltage, temperature); usually specified by the battery manufacturer.
Voltage Depression - An abnormal drop in voltage below expected values during the discharge of a battery.
Closed-Circuit Voltage (CCV) - The potential or voltage of a battery when it is discharging or charging.
Inverter (off-line or stand-by) - UPS configuration in which the inverter is parallel-mounted to the load supply line and backs up the mains. This configuration offers a substantial cost reduction but is applicable only to low outputs, under 3 kVA, because it results in an interruption lasting up to 10 ms during transfer and does not filter inrush currents.
Cutoff Voltage (also see End Voltage) - The battery voltage at which the discharge is terminated. The cutoff voltage is specified by the battery manufacturer and is generally a function of discharge rate.
Rechargeable (or "Secondary") Battery - A galvanic battery which, after discharge, may be restored to the fully charged state by the passage of an electrical current through the cell in the opposite direction to that of discharge.
