Internal Resistance (IR) - The opposition exhibited by a circuit element to the flow of direct current (d.c.). In a cell, the internal resistance is the sum of the ionic and electronic resistances of the cell components.
Earthing system TN - Earthing system in which the exposed conductive parts are interconnected and connected to the neutral. The neutral is connected to the earth. The installation must be de-energized immediately in the event of an insulation fault.
Electrolyte - The medium which provides the ion transport mechanism between the positive and negative electrodes of a cell.
Fuse - Device used for cutting off an electrical current in the event of an abusive condition.
Forced Discharge - Discharging a cell in a battery, by the other cells or an external power source, below zero volts into voltage reversal.
Polarity - In electricity, the condition of being positive or negative.
Closed-Circuit Voltage (CCV) - The potential or voltage of a battery when it is discharging or charging.
