Internal Resistance (IR) - The opposition exhibited by a circuit element to the flow of direct current (d.c.). In a cell, the internal resistance is the sum of the ionic and electronic resistances of the cell components.
Working Voltage - The typical voltage or range of voltage of a battery during discharge (also called operating voltage or running voltage).
Critical Load - Devices and equipment whose failure to operate satisfactorily jeopardizes the health or safety or personnel and/or results in loss of function, financial loss, or damage to property deemed critical by the user.
Current Drain - The current withdrawn from a battery during discharge.
Specific Energy - The ratio of the energy output of a cell or battery to its weight (Wh/kg). This term is used interchangeably with gravimetric energy density.
Electrode - The site, area or location at which electrochemical processes take place.
Forced Discharge - Discharging a cell in a battery, by the other cells or an external power source, below zero volts into voltage reversal.
