UPS (single) - A UPS made up of one single UPS unit (rectifier/charger, inverter and bypass) and a battery.
Nominal Voltage - The characteristic operating voltage or rated voltage of a battery.
Internal Impedance - The opposition exhibited by a circuit element (cell or battery) to the flow of an alternating current (a.c.) of a particular frequency as a result of resistance, induction and capacitance.
UPS (parallel without redundancy) - A UPS made up of several (n) parallel-connected UPS units with equal output ratings (P) and each equipped with its battery, for large loads. The total output is equal to the number of units multiplied by their individual output (n x P). In this configuration, no UPS unit is redundant.
Electrode - The site, area or location at which electrochemical processes take place.
Working Voltage - The typical voltage or range of voltage of a battery during discharge (also called operating voltage or running voltage).
Switching Transients - Rapid voltage peak up to 20,000 volts with a duration of 10mS to 100mS.