Anode - The electrode in an electrochemical cell where oxidation takes place. During discharge, the negative electrode of the cell is the anode. During charge, the positive electrode is the anode.
Backup time - Time during which the UPS can supply the rated load with nominal-quality power while the mains are down. This time depends on the battery and the efficiency of the UPS. Typical backup ranges from five minutes to several hours.
Polarization - The lowering of the potential of a cell or electrode from its equilibrium value caused by the passage of an electric current.
UPS (parallel without redundancy) - A UPS made up of several (n) parallel-connected UPS units with equal output ratings (P) and each equipped with its battery, for large loads. The total output is equal to the number of units multiplied by their individual output (n x P). In this configuration, no UPS unit is redundant.
Trickle Charge - A charge at a low rate, balancing losses through local action and/or periodic discharge, to maintain a cell or battery in a fully charged condition.
Load (non-linear) - Load (generally with a switched-mode power supply) generating major harmonic currents. Current wave form is different from voltage wave form. Ohm's law is not applicable. It can be used only with each harmonic.
Voltage Delay - Time delay for a battery to deliver the required operating voltage after it is placed under load.